中国经济年会与会人士热议——推动经济运行整体好转******
中央经济工作会议要求,做好明年经济工作,要突出做好稳增长、稳就业、稳物价工作,有效防范化解重大风险,推动经济运行整体好转,实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。12月17日,由中国国际经济交流中心主办的“2022—2023中国经济年会”在北京召开,与会嘉宾就如何深入学习贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神进行了解读。
中央经济工作会议要求,明年要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,加大宏观政策调控力度,加强各类政策协调配合,形成共促高质量发展合力。
积极的财政政策要加力提效。财政部副部长许宏才表示,“加力”主要体现在:一是统筹财政收入、财政赤字、专项债券、调入资金等,保持适度支出强度,加强国家重大战略任务财力保障,持续推动财力下沉;二是合理安排赤字率和地方政府专项债券规模,适当扩大专项债券资金投向领域和用作资本金范围,衔接今明两年持续形成实物工作量和投资拉动力,确保政府投资力度不减;三是持续增加中央对地方转移支付,做好困难群众、失业人员动态监测和救助帮扶,兜牢兜实基层“三保”底线,为经济运行营造良好基础环境。“提效”主要体现在:一是完善减税退税降费政策,增强精准性和针对性;二是进一步优化财政支出结构,加大科技攻关、生态环保、基本民生、区域协调等重点领域投入;三是更好发挥财政资金引导与撬动作用,有效带动扩大全社会投资和促进消费;四是完善财政资金直达机制,深化预算绩效管理,提高财政资金使用效益和财政政策效能;五是持续创新和完善财政宏观调控,注重加强与货币、就业、产业、科技、社会政策协调配合,形成高质量发展合力。
稳健的货币政策要精准有力。对此,人民银行副行长刘国强表示,明年的货币政策要坚持“总量要够,结构要准”。明年货币政策的力度不能小于今年,“总量要够”既包括更好满足实体经济的需要,也包括保持金融市场流动性合理充裕,资金价格维持合理弹性、不大起大落。“结构要准”就是要持续加大对普惠小微、科技创新、绿色发展、基础设施等重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度;要继续落实好一系列结构性货币政策,效果好的可以酌情加力;对一些具有明确阶段性要求的政策要及时评估,可以按时有序退出,也可以根据需要延长,让别的货币政策工具进行接续。
中央经济工作会议指出,明年经济工作千头万绪,要从战略全局出发,从改善社会心理预期、提振发展信心入手,纲举目张做好工作。
全国政协经济委员会副主任宁吉喆表示,着力扩大内需是推动经济运行整体好转的当务之急。总需求不足是当前经济运行面临的突出矛盾,针对这一现实问题,明年加大宏观政策调控力度,同时优化调整疫情防控政策,有利于恢复消费扩大内需,从而促进经济运行在合理区间。
中央经济工作会议对加快现代化产业体系建设作出了具体部署。中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣表示,明年要继续把培育战略性新兴产业作为重点任务,加快新能源、人工智能、生物技术、绿色低碳、量子计算等前沿技术研发与产业化应用。此外,还要增强科技创新对现代化产业体系的支撑,提升战略性资源供应保障能力,大力发展数字经济。
中央经济工作会议要求,更大力度吸引和利用外资。“要牢牢抓住改善营商环境这个牛鼻子。”国务院发展研究中心副主任隆国强表示,要主动对标高标准的国际经贸规则,稳步扩大规则规制、管理标准等制度型开放,深化国内相关领域改革。
中央财经委员会办公室分管日常工作的副主任韩文秀表示,我国经济韧性强、潜力大、活力足,长期向好的基本面没有变,资源要素条件可支撑。综合研判,明年世界经济增速可能会明显下滑,而我国经济可能总体回升,从而形成一个独立的向上运行的轨迹。首先,优化疫情防控措施,将给经济恢复发展带来重大积极影响。预计明年上半年特别是二季度,社会生产生活秩序将加快恢复,经济活力将会加速释放。其次,存量政策、增量政策同向发力,将积极促进经济恢复发展。(经济日报记者 熊 丽)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |